People and Methodologies in Software Development人民和方法，在軟件開發
This is a well written doctorate thesis, by Alistair Cockburn, about software development methodology and how people on the development project work with a methodology.這是一個良好的書面博士論文，由阿利斯泰爾科伯恩，大約軟件開發方法，以及如何人民對發展項目的工作與方法。 Reading this will help you understand how to manage application development projects better and understand better how to work with people on a project.讀這將有助於您了解如何管理應用程序開發項目更好地和更好地了解如何在工作與人民的一個項目。 Here is a這裡是一個 mirror of this thesis一面鏡子，這一論斷的 . 。
People and Methodologies in Software Development 人民和方法，在軟件開發
Submitted as partial fulfillment of the degree Doctor Philosophiae提交的部分實現的程度，醫生philosophiae
At the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway在學院的數學和自然科學，挪威奧斯陸大學
February 25, 2003 2003年2月25日
Abstract 摘要
This thesis reports on research performed over a ten-year period, interviewing project teams, participating directly on projects, and reviewing proposals and case studies.這一論斷的報告，研究演出超過10年期間，採訪的項目小組，直接參與的項目，以及檢討的建議和個案研究。 The research addressed three questions relating to people and software development methodologies ( Q1 through Q3 ), and produced six results ( R1 through R6 ).研究解決三個問題有關的人民和軟件開發方法（ 第一季 ，透過第三季 ） ，並製作了6結果（ R1的通過r6 ） 。
Questions: 問題：
1) Do we need yet another software development methodology, or can we expect a convergence and reduction at some point in time? 1 ）我們需要的又一軟件開發方法，或我們能期望的銜接和減少在一些時間點的呢？
2) If convergence, what must be the characteristics of the converged methodology? 2 ）如果收斂，什麼必須的特點，融合的方法呢？ If no convergence, how can project teams deal with the growing number of methodologies?如果沒有收斂，又如何能的項目小組，處理日益增多的方法呢？
3) How does the methodology relate to the people on the project? 3 ）請問方法涉及到人民的計劃？
Results: 結果：
1) A methodology is a formula describing conventions of interaction between roles. 1 ）一種方法是一個公式描述公約之間的互動作用。
2) People's characteristics, which vary from person to person and even from moment to moment, form a first-order driver of the team's behavior and results. 2 ）人的特點，而有所不同，從以人甚至從時刻的時刻，形成一個一階的司機隊的行為和結果。 Such issues as how well they get along with each other and the fit (or misfit) of their personal characteristics with their job roles create significant, project-specific constraints on the methodology.等問題，以及他們如何相處，對方和合適的（或失配） ，他們的個人特點與他們的工作角色，創造顯著，具體項目的制約因素的方法。 This result indicates that people's personal characteristics place a limit on the effect of methodologies in general.這一結果表明，人們的個人特色的地方，限制的影響的方法在一般。
3) Every project needs a slightly different methodology, based on those people characteristics, the project's specific priorities, and the technologies being used. 3 ）每一項工程都需要一個略有不同的方法的基礎上，這些人的特點，該項目的具體的優先事項，以及技術正在使用中。 This result indicates that a team's methodology should be personalized to the team during the project and may even change during the project.這一結果表明，一隊的方法應該是個性化隊在該項目，甚至可能改變在該項目。
4) A set of principles were found that can be used to shape an effective methodology to the above constraints. 4 ）一套原則被發現可以用來形成一個有效的方法，以上述的限制。 These principles deal with the amount of coordination and verification required in the project, the trade-off between rework and serialization of work, and the trade-off between tacit and externalized knowledge in use by the team.這些原則處理的金額協調和核查所需的項目，貿易小康之間的返工，系列化的工作，以及與貿易之間的默契和外在的知識，使用由團隊。
5) A technique was found to create a situationally specific methodology during the project and in time to serve the project, and to evolve it as the project progresses. 5 ）技術被發現創造一個situationally的具體方法，在項目，並在時間，服務項目，並演變它作為該項目的進展。
6) All the above suggests a repeating cycle of behavior to use on projects. 6 ）所有上述建議，重複循環使用行為的項目。
1) The members establish conventions for their interactions — a base methodology — at the start of the project. 1 ）成員建立公約及其相互作用-基地的方法-在項目開始。 This can be likened to them "programming" themselves.這可以比喻為“編程”自己。
2) They then perform their jobs in the normal scurry of project life, often getting too caught up to reflect on how they are doing. 2 ）然後，他們履行其工作在正常的scurry項目的生活，往往樂極生悲趕上，以反映它們是如何做的。
3) They schedule regular periods of reflection in which they reconsider and adjust their working conventions. 3 ） ，他們定期時期的反思，使他們重新考慮和調整其工作公約。
These results have been used successfully on several industrial projects having the usual time and cost pressures on the staff.這些成果已成功地用於對幾個工業項目有慣常的時間和成本的壓力，對工作人員。
Table of Contents: 目錄：
1. 1 。 The Research Topic 研究課題
1.1 Clarification of Words 1.1澄清的話
1.2 Background to Question 1 1.2背景問題1
1.3 Background to Question 2 1.3背景問題2
1.4 Background to Question 3 1.4背景問題3
1.5 Placing This Work in Context 1.5把這項工作在上下文中
1.6 Personal Motivation and Direction 1.6個人的動機和方向
2. 2 。 The Research Approach 研究方法
2.1 The Research Practice 2.1研究實踐
2.2 The Research Theory 2.2研究理論
3. 3 。 Issues and Results Chronologically 問題和結果的順序
3.1 The Impact of Object-Orientation on Application Development 3.1的影響，面向對象的應用發展
3.2 Selecting a Project's Methodology 3.2選擇一個項目的方法論
3.3 The Interaction of Social Issues and Software Architecture 3.3相互作用的社會問題和軟件體系結構
3.4 Characterizing People as First-Order, Non-Linear Components in Software Development 3.4表徵人民的一階，非線形元件，在軟件開發
3.5 Project Winifred Case Study 3.5項目winifred案例研究
3.6 Just-in-Time Methodology Construction 3月6日剛剛在時間的方法建設
3.7 Balancing Lightness with Sufficiency 3.7平衡的亮度與充足
4. 4 。 Consolidation ed Results and Reflection 鞏固教育署結果與思考
4.1 Answering the Questions 4.1回答問題
4.2 Consolidation and Reliability of Results 4.2鞏固和可靠性結果
4.3 Relating to Mathiassen's Reflective Systems Development 4.3有關馬蒂亞森的反射系統開發
4.4 Reflection: The Limits of People-Plus-Methodologies 4.4反思：限制人民的加方法
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